Three-dimensional networks of hydrophilic polymers called hydrogels have the capacity to absorb and hold large volumes of water. Hydrogels' high water content, biocompatibility and adjustable qualities have led to a wide range of biomedical uses, such as tissue engineering, drug administration and wound healing. They are categorized according to their cross-linking methods, stimulus sensitivity and degradation behavior and can be made from natural, synthetic or hybrid polymers. Covalent forces create chemical hydrogels, while weak secondary forces create physical hydrogels. The three most important properties of hydrogels are swelling, mechanical properties and biological properties. These properties all affect the morphology and structure of the hydrogel. This article's main goal is to discuss the various basis on which hydrogels are classified, as well as their characteristics, preparation technique and evaluation.

Curcuma longa, commonly known as turmeric, derived from the rhizome of Curcuma longa is a bright yellow spice has been used for centuries in traditional medicine for its medicinal properties, which is native to Southeast Asia. Curcuma long is a member of ginger family (Zingiberaceae) and is widely used by traditional healers to treat a wide range of ailments. Curcuma longa rhizomes are commonly referred to as Haldi or Turmeric. Rhizomes are underground horizontal stems that produce both shoots and roots. Turmeric contains nutritional as well as therapeutic benefits. Turmeric root powder is used for its flavouring properties as a spice, dietary medicine and variety of critical therapeutic advantages. Many studies have been undertaken morphology, phytochemical profiles of the entire plant and other qualities that have been recorded and documented. This review provides an update on the phytochemistry, pharmacology and therapeutic applications of Curcuma longa. A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify studies on the phytochemical constituents, pharmacological activities and clinical applications of Curcuma longa. The review discusses the bioactive compounds present in Curcuma longa, including curcuminoids, sesquiterpenes and flavonoids and their potential health benefits. The pharmacological activities of Curcuma longa, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer properties, are also examined. The therapeutic applications of Curcuma longa in the prevention and treatment of various diseases, including arthritis, diabetes and cancer, are reviewed. This review highlights the potential of Curcuma longa as a therapeutic agent and its significance in modern medicine.

India plays a significant role in the global supply of medicinal plants and herbs. These plants are widely used in the treatment of various ailments, with many people preferring them due to their comparatively lower risk of side effects. Herbal remedies have been a cornerstone of various traditional medical systems, including Ayurveda, Siddha, Homeopathy, Unani and Traditional Chinese Medicine. Depending on their use, herbal products are categorized as complementary medicines, nutraceuticals, prescription drugs, over-the-counter (OTC) medicines, supplements, or conventional herbal medications. For herbal medicines to be sold commercially, they must comply with the regulatory standards set by different countries. However, this lack of uniformity in regulations often prevents herbal medicine manufacturers from offering standardized products globally. To address this challenge, international organizations like the World Health Organization (WHO) are collaborating to create harmonized and standardized guidelines for herbal medicines. In India, herbal products are regulated under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act of 1940 (DCA) and the associated Rules of 1945, with the AYUSH department overseeing the regulation and approval of these products. To legally manufacture or trade in herbal medicines, a manufacturing license is required. Efforts are ongoing to improve the regulatory processes and ensure the safety, quality and efficacy of Ayurvedic medicines.