Andrographolide (AND) is a diterpenoid lactone molecule derived from Andrographis paniculate is emerging as a promising molecule for various anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory hepatoprotective, antiviral and antitumoral effects. The present study aims to investigate anticancer properties of andrographolide in ovarian cancer cell lines (A2780, CP70 and SKOV 3 and OV90) to understand the underlying mechanisms. The results indicated chemotherapeutic activities with growth inhibitor properties by clonogenic and spheroid formation assay and up regulation of DNA damage repair proteins such as FANCD2, FANC J, RAD 51, γH2AX, P53, acetylated P53 and phosphorylated P53 by western blot analysis and induced single and double strand breaks. It also inhibits cell cycle progression by modulating the expression of cell cycle proteins. Thus, the study demonstrated the anticancer and cytotoxic effects of andrographolide in ovarian cancer cell lines and paves way for the development of alternate treatment strategies in ovarian cancer.

The significance of self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) in enhancing the solubility and bioavailability of hydrophobic drugs, which are often challenging to deliver effectively. SNEDDS, comprising oil, surfactant, co-surfactant and drugs, spontaneously form nanoemulsions upon dilution with water. This review highlights the basics, including composition, preparation, and characterization, as well as potential effects associated with oral delivery. It emphasizes SNEDDS' role in overcoming the limitations of poorly water-soluble drugs, presenting them as a proven method for enhancing solubility and bioavailability. The article also discusses the stability and formulation techniques of SNEDDS, including solidification for improved stability and controlled release options. Additionally, it underscores the advantages of SNEDDS, such as ease of large-scale production and patient compliance, while also addressing potential drawbacks. Finally, the abstract outlines the wide-ranging applications of SNEDDS, spanning various routes of administration beyond oral delivery, including parenteral, ophthalmic, intranasal and cosmetic applications. Overall, the abstract provides a comprehensive overview of SNEDDS, covering its mechanism, formulation excipients, recent advancements and biopharmaceutical aspects, while also highlighting its potential in enhancing the bioavailability of various drug classes.

Extremely low bioavailability is a key issue with poorly soluble medicines. For medications like carbamazepine, simvastatin, and itraconazole-which fall within BCS class II of the biopharmaceutical classification system and are poorly soluble in both aqueous and nonaqueous media-the issue is considerably more complicated. To address these issues, formulation as nanosuspension presents a compelling and optimistic substitute. The pure, poorly water-soluble medication in nanosuspension is suspended in a dispersion of no matrix material. Making a nanosuspension is easy and works with any medication that is insoluble in water. A nanosuspension not only addresses the issues of low solubility and bioavailability, but it also modifies the drug's pharmacokinetics, enhancing its safety and effectiveness. The preparation techniques, characterisation and review of this article and applications of the nanosuspension.