Background and objectives: The study is regarded for standardization of leaf extract of Amaranthus tricolor, study focus on phytochemical investigations, isolation of flavonoids and evaluation for thrombolytic activity from various solvents. Methods: Pharmacognostical, phytochemical studies and in-vitro thrombolytic activity of leaves extract of Amaranthus tricolor was carried out by using in-vitro model. The extracts were subjected to qualitative chemical analysis, chromatographic studies (TLC and HPTLC) were performed for flavonoids detection. The samples blood transferred to sterile microcentrifuge tubes incubated at 300C for 90mins. The serum removed completely and each tube having clot weighed to get clot weight. The serum with the clot added standard drug or plant extract. The tubes again incubated at 370oC for 45mins, the fluid obtained after clot lysis removed and tube again weighed. The clot lysis = (Wt before clot lysis – Wt after clot lysis) x 100. Results: An alcoholic extract (20mg/100µl and 10mg/100µl) was evaluated in incubated blood. An attempt made to standardize leaf extract of Amaranthus tricolor, was successful and showed significant thrombolytic effect in comparison with thrombosis control in comparison with standard thrombolytic agent streptokinase (30000unit/100µl). Interpretation and conclusion: Morphological study has provided a characteristic identity of leaf which have purplish pink/reddish pink colour, variable in-shape such as ovate, lanceolate, obtuse apex petiolate, and was found to be bitter in taste and mild flavour odour. And also determined the present of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, carbohydrates, saponins, glycosides. From the above-mentioned studies, it can be concluded that the Pharmacognostical standards generated will be useful for the proper identification of plant and also to differentiate it from its closely related species and adulterants. With the support of in vitro studies and phytochemical screening, the ethanolic extracts were showed more efficacy for thrombolytic activity.

This study was conducted on the background knowledge that there is an association between diet - rich in fruits and vegetables and cardiovascular health. In this, we attempted to study the cardioprotective effect of various plant extracts of green leafy vegetables rich in antioxidants such as Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and Broccoli (Brassica oleracea) in Swiss albino mice (Mus musculus). To determine the cardioprotective effect of these plant extracts, Mice can be divided into three groups. First and second group of mice was given broccoli and spinach leaf extract and third is the control group which did not receive any plant extract and both of them are maintained for three weeks. ISO is a known MI inducing agent and it was given subcutaneous injection in all the three groups of mice at a concentration of ISO (85mg/kg) for 2 days with an interval of 24 hrs. All the groups of mice were sacrificed and dissected out the heart. To check the expression of various myocardial infarction markers such as Aspartate transaminase and Creatine kinase in the heart were evaluated by RT - PCR. The expression of myocardial infarction markers were found to be considerably reduces in the mouse groups fed with Broccoli and spinach extract. When compared to the control group, there is high level expression of MI markers. Broccoli and Spinach were also tested for their antioxidant property by DPPH scavenging assay which shows that, Broccoli exhibits high antioxidant activity when compared to spinach and we have noticed a correlation of antioxidant activity and reduced expression of MI markers.

The Neuroprotective against AlCl₃ induced toxicity. Enhanced learning and memory was allied to ingestion of extract in rats. Al overload, AChE hyperactivity are responsible for alzheimers disease which are neutralized or reduced with treatment of extract, which might be due to the synergistic action of its active constituents. However extensive research is needed to validate the anti-alzheimeric effect of extract active components against a variety of models of AD, prior to entering into the clinical trials.

Globally, there is an interest in rate of usage of herbal medicine was increased for iron deficiency Anemia (IDA). It is the most common nutritional deficiency now a day’s mostly in women. As per WHO, iron deficiency is the major deficiency of all types of anemia. Some of the iron rich herbs paves the way for treatment of Anemia. The syrup was formulated with Astragalus root, Moringa leaves, curry leaves, Sarsaparilla root, Bhringraj, Blackstrap molasses, Nettle root and evaluated its physiochemical parameter along with its changes in accelerated stability study, FTIR spectrum identification of compounds and possible microbial growth. It is more effective, less harmful and cheaper and safer when compared with conventional therapy. Modern iron formulation consist of iron salts which leads to long term treatment with side effects of Constipation, heart burn, nausea, metallic taste. All these, Problems will overcome only by herbal based formulations.

The Bilayered tablets containing Captopril SR and Glipizide IR were successfully prepared by direct compression method respectively. Various formulations were prepared and evaluated with an aim of presenting Captopril as sustained release and Glipizide as immediate release for improving the patient’s compliance. The optimized formulation F4 in IR formulations contains the average thickness of 2.7mm, average hardness of 3.5 kg/cm2, average weight of 150mg, friability of 0.36%. The optimized formulation F5 in SR formulations contains the average thickness of 2.67mm, average hardness of 5 kg/cm2, friability of 0.45%. The F5 formulation which releases the Captopril in sustained manner in 1st hour it releases 7.0% but the remaining drug release was sustained up to 12 hours and Glipizide immediate release F4 formulation showed 99.9% drug release with in 30 min. With the data of kinetic analysis, F5 formulation showed best linearity in Zero order plot indicating that the release of drug from matrix tablet follows Non Fickian diffusion. The dissolution study was carried out for optimized bilayer tablet and it correlates with the drug release of individual release layer formulations.

In this study, the pharmacognostical parameters for the aerial portions (leaves and stem) of the plant Decalepis hamiltonii were evaluated (Asclepiadaceae). The plant has historically been used to treat diabetes, blood problems, gout, jaundice, thirst, haemorrhage and urticaria. To fully harness this folk herb's therapeutic potential, an effort has been made to correctly identify it. According to this perspective, the morphoanatomy of the leaves and stem, along with quantitative microscopy, microscopic linear measurements, WHO-recommended physico-chemical determinations and genuine phytochemical procedures, are the key diagnostic characters that have been carried out to help the full pharmacognostical evaluation of the plant. The parameters discussed in this research could be suggested as the benchmarks for determining the legitimacy of Decalepis hamiltonii. This research aids in separating this medication from its other species.